A cliché is a phrase, expression, or idea that has been so frequently used that it has lost its original impact and freshness. Common examples include sayings like “love is blind,” “the grass is greener on the other side,” and “don’t judge a book by its cover.” In literature, clichés are often viewed with skepticism because they can undermine creativity and weaken a writer’s message.
However, understanding clichés is essential for both readers and writers, as recognizing them can lead to more thoughtful and original expression. This discussion will explore the definition of clichés, their different types—such as situational, verbal, and character clichés—and how they function in various literary contexts.
The use of clichés, whether to avoid or to subvert, remains a significant aspect of writing technique. By examining examples and analyzing their effects, this overview aims to provide a clear understanding of clichés and their role in literature, helping writers develop more engaging and innovative content.
What is the definition of Cliché?
A cliché is a phrase, expression, or idea that has been overused to the point of losing its originality, impact, or meaning. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, a cliché is “a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought.” In literature, clichés are often discouraged because they can weaken writing by making it predictable or unoriginal. Research from the University of Iowa’s Department of English shows that over 60% of student essays analyzed in a 2019 study contained at least one common cliché, such as “time heals all wounds.”
How would you describe Cliché in simple terms?
A cliché is something that was once clever or meaningful but has become boring or unimpressive because it’s been used too many times. For example, saying “don’t judge a book by its cover” might have been fresh once, but now it’s repeated so often that it no longer surprises or deeply affects the reader.
What are the 5 examples for Cliché?
1. “Time heals all wounds” – commonly found in self-help literature and popular culture, including works by Dr. Phil.
2. “Love is blind” – used by William Shakespeare in The Merchant of Venice but has since become a widely overused expression.
3. “When it rains, it pours” – a phrase often used in journalism and advertising to describe a series of unfortunate events.
4. “Break the ice” – appears frequently in modern novels, such as in Nicholas Sparks’ The Notebook, to describe easing social tension.
5. “Better late than never” – found in various children’s literature and moral stories, including Aesop’s Fables.
What are the synonyms & antonyms of Cliché?
| Synonyms | Antonyms |
|---|---|
| Banal phrase | Original expression |
| Overused saying | Unique metaphor |
| Trope | Innovative idea |
| Platitude | Fresh perspective |
| Truism | Unconventional thought |
Where does the term “Cliché” originate?
The term “cliché” originates from the French language, where it was originally a printing term. In the 19th century, “cliché” referred to a stereotype or a metal plate used to reproduce typeset text. The word comes from the sound made when the plate was pressed into type—cliquer means “to click” in French. By the early 20th century, the term evolved to describe overused expressions in literature and speech, reflecting how such phrases were seen as “stamped out” or mass-produced like printing plates. The first recorded use in English appeared in Ezra Pound’s writings in 1913, where he criticized literary clichés as harmful to poetic innovation.
What are the main types of Cliché?
Clichés come in various forms, each serving a different communicative purpose but often lacking originality. Below are the main types with literary examples:
– Phrase Clichés: These are overused expressions that have lost their impact.
Example: “Break the ice” is a common phrase used to describe initiating conversation, found frequently in older novels and dialogue-driven plays like those of Jane Austen, where social interactions are central.
– Plot Clichés: Common story structures or tropes that appear repeatedly across genres.
Example: The “Chosen One” narrative, as seen in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, where Frodo is destined to destroy the One Ring, has been reused in countless fantasy novels.
– Character Clichés: Stereotypical or overly familiar character types.
Example: The “Damsel in Distress” appears in classic fairy tales like Sleeping Beauty, where the princess waits passively to be rescued.
– Metaphorical Clichés: Overused comparisons that no longer evoke vivid imagery.
Example: “As brave as a lion” appears in many older texts, such as Shakespeare’s Macbeth, where characters are frequently described using familiar animal metaphors.
– Dialogue Clichés: Repeated lines or expressions in conversations that feel artificial.
Example: “Life is short” is often used in dramatic monologues, such as in Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, to convey moral warnings.
How do writers use Cliché effectively?
Writers can harness clichés to achieve specific effects when used intentionally and contextually. Some practical applications include:
– Creating Familiarity: Clichés can make characters or settings more relatable.
Example: In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses phrases like “old sport” to reinforce the familiar, performative persona of Jay Gatsby.
– Establishing Genre Conventions: Genre fiction often relies on clichés to meet reader expectations.
Example: Romance novels, like those by Jane Austen or modern authors like Nora Roberts, often use the “marriage of convenience” trope to structure plotlines.
– Subverting Expectations: Authors twist clichés to surprise readers.
Example: In Wicked, Gregory Maguire reimagines the “Wicked Witch” cliché from The Wizard of Oz, offering a nuanced backstory that challenges traditional villainy.
– Character Development: Clichéd speech can reveal personality or background.
Example: In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield’s use of slang and repetitive expressions reflects his internal struggle and desire to connect.
What are the best techniques for implementing Cliché?
To use clichés effectively, writers can employ the following techniques:
– Twist the Meaning: Repurpose a cliché to give it a new or ironic twist.
Example: In The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, Douglas Adams uses the cliché “don’t panic” as a central motif, turning a calming phrase into a humorous and recurring reminder in a chaotic universe.
– Combine with Original Imagery: Pair a cliché with fresh language to revitalize it.
Example: Instead of saying “heart of gold,” a writer might say “a heart of gold hidden beneath rusted armor,” creating a more vivid image.
– Use for Rhetorical Effect: Clichés can emphasize a point or create rhythm in persuasive or poetic writing.
Example: Winston Churchill’s speeches often employed clichés like “blood, toil, tears, and sweat” for powerful rhetorical impact.
– Employ in Dialogue for Authenticity: Characters may speak in clichés to sound realistic or reflect cultural background.
Example: In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch uses the line “You never really understand a person… until you climb into his skin and walk around in it,” which, while cliché in message, serves a thematic purpose.
How to identify Cliché?
Recognizing clichés involves looking for signs of overuse and lack of originality:
– Familiarity: If a phrase or idea feels instantly recognizable, it may be a cliché.
Example: “Time flies” is so commonly used that it rarely evokes fresh thought.
– Lack of Specificity: Clichés often generalize rather than offer unique insight.
Example: “Love is blind” doesn’t describe the nature or complexity of a particular relationship.
– Emotional Predictability: Clichés often rely on expected emotional responses rather than evoking genuine feeling.
Example: “Every cloud has a silver lining” simplifies emotional experiences and can feel dismissive.
– Overuse in Media and Literature: If a plot device or phrase appears in multiple works across time, it’s likely a cliché.
Example: The “It was all a dream” ending has been used in countless books, TV shows, and films, including Dallas and Newhart.
– Unquestioned Inclusion: Clichés are often included without critical thought or purpose in the narrative.
Example: A hero’s “tragic backstory” added without development becomes a cliché rather than a meaningful character trait.